25 ene 2019

Se acerca la Cuarta Revolución Industrial

Por: Sarah Romero

 cuarta-revolucion
Algunos expertos vaticinan que la próxima revolución industrial tendrá lugar en 10 años.

La raza humana ha pasado por una serie de innovaciones radicales en los últimos siglos, las tres revoluciones industriales que conocemos. Primero, aprovechamos el poder del vapor y el poder del agua, luego descubrimos la electricidad y creamos la mecanización en forma de fábricas y líneas de ensamblaje, cambiando la naturaleza de nuestra economía de la noche a la mañana.

Desde la década de 1960, hemos visto un cambio hacia la informática, la mecatrónica y la robótica: la creación de mentes mecánicas que combinan tecnologías físicas, digitales y biológicas, construidas para mejorar nuestras vidas cotidianas.

Hoy, este cambio nos ha llevado al borde de un boom de la inteligencia: la Inteligencia Artificial, la Automatización, la Realidad Virtual y la robótica están aquí y avanzan a un ritmo astronómico. Lo siguiente... es la cuarta revolución industrial. Esta multiplicará la velocidad, el alcance y el impacto de los sistemas que produjo la tercera (que llegó a mediados del siglo XX con la  electrónica y la tecnología de la información y las telecomunicaciones).

Según el director adjunto del Instituto de Sistemas Cibernéticos Inteligentes de la Universidad Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares de Rusia (MEPhI), Valentín Klímov, en los próximos diez años se producirá una nueva revolución: la neurotecnológica, que cambiará drásticamente la vida humana.

¿Simbiosis hombre-máquina?

La Cuarta Revolución Industrial se caracterizará por las nuevas tecnologías que conectan los mundos físico, digital y biológico, impactando en todas las disciplinas, economías e industrias.

Todo está cambiando mientras los inventos revolucionarios de ayer parecen tristes y triviales para las innovaciones futuras. Nada es permanente, ya que estamos evolucionando todos los días a un ritmo que se multiplica a perpetuidad. La inteligencia artificial ya nos rodea, desde vehículos o drones autónomos hasta asistentes virtuales y  software que nos ayudan en múltiples tareas.

Estamos al borde de una revolución tecnológica que alterará fundamentalmente la forma en que vivimos, trabajamos y nos relacionamos los unos con los otros, pues en este escenario futuro, los seres humanos y los ordenadores interaccionarán como iguales y cada uno resolverá sus propios problemas, según comenta Klímov.


¿Cuál es la 4ª Revolución Industrial? La neurotecnológica

Según el fundador y ejecutivo del Foro Económico Mundial, Klaus Schwab, la cuarta revolución industrial va a tener un impacto global mucho mayor que las anteriores debido a los avances en la tecnología.

El mayor problema al que nos enfrentamos de raíz sobre este cambio tecnológico es que no estaremos dispuestos a adaptarnos.  El miedo a la pérdida de nuestros empleos y la incertidumbre ante los nuevos puestos que se crearán en el futuro -tal y como ha ocurrido en cada revolución industrial-, juega en contra. Hay que tener en cuenta que el cambio está ahí, está ocurriendo en estos mismos instantes y, mientras estamos sentados en nuestros escritorios en el trabajo, debemos prepararnos para una sociedad que cambia constantemente.

Y no olvidemos que los avances tecnológicos han creado más puestos de trabajo de los que han destruido, según concluyó un estudio publicado por The Society of Business Economists. La tecnología, en lugar de destruir puestos de trabajo, ha sido una "gran máquina creadora de empleos".

"Las máquinas asumirán tareas más repetitivas y laboriosas, pero no parecen estar más cerca de eliminar la necesidad de mano de obra humana que en cualquier momento en los últimos 150 años", concluye el trabajo.


Referencia: Conferencia Neuroinformática 2017 Moscú / World Economic Forum / The Society of Business Economist The Rybczynski Prize


Fuente bibliográfica
ROMERO, SARAH, [sin fecha]. Se acerca la Cuarta Revolución Industrial. MuyInteresante.es [en línea]. [Consulta: 25 enero 2019]. Disponible en: https://www.muyinteresante.es/tecnologia/articulo/se-acerca-la-cuarta-revolucion-industrial-661510910153

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